Publikasjoner
-
-
Choquet, Marvin ; Lizano, Apollo Marco Dalonos; Le Moan, Alan; Ravinet, Mark; Dhanasiri, Anusha & Hoarau, Galice Guillaume
(2023).
Unmasking microsatellite deceptiveness and debunking hybridization with SNPs in four marine copepod species of Calanus.
Molecular Ecology.
ISSN 0962-1083.
s. 6854–6873.
doi:
10.1111/mec.17183.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
-
Balazy, Kaja; Trudnowska, Emilia; Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Katarzyna; Jakubas, Dariusz; Præbel, Kim & Choquet, Marvin
[Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2023).
Molecular tools prove little auks from Svalbard are extremely selective for Calanus glacialis even when exposed to Atlantification.
Scientific Reports.
ISSN 2045-2322.
13(1).
doi:
10.1038/s41598-023-40131-7.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
Vis sammendrag
Two Calanus species, C. glacialis and C. finmarchicus, due to different life strategies and environmental preferences act as an ecological indicators of Arctic Atlantification. Their high lipid content makes them important food source for higher trophic levels of Arctic ecosystems including the most abundant Northern Hemisphere's seabird, the little auk (Alle alle). Recent studies indicate a critical need for the use of molecular methods to reliably identify these two sympatric Calanus species. We performed genetic and morphology-based identification of 2600 Calanus individuals collected in little auks foraging grounds and diet in summer seasons 2019–2021 in regions of Svalbard with varying levels of Atlantification. Genetic identification proved that 40% of Calanus individuals were wrongly classified as C. finmarchicus according to morphology-based identification in both types of samples. The diet of little auks consisted almost entirely of C. glacialis even in more Atlantified regions. Due to the substantial bias in morphology-based identification, we expect that the scale of the northern expansion of boreal C. finmarchicus may have been largely overestimated and that higher costs for birds exposed to Atlantification could be mostly driven by a decrease in the size of C. glacialis rather than by shift from C. glacialis to C. finmarchicus.
-
Coguiec, Estelle; Last, Kim S.; Cohen, Jonathan H.; Hobbs, Laura; Choquet, Marvin & Ershova, Elizaveta
[Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2023).
Photoperiodism and overwintering in boreal and sub-Arctic Calanus finmarchicus populations.
Marine Ecology Progress Series.
ISSN 0171-8630.
712,
s. 49–65.
doi:
10.3354/meps14307.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
Vis sammendrag
The copepod Calanus finmarchicus, a key species in the North Atlantic, generally spends the non-productive season by descending into deep waters and entering diapause, a physiological state characterized by reduced metabolism and arrested development. In the open ocean, overwintering depths are below 600 m, where temperature and light conditions are favourable to initiate diapause. However, C. finmarchicus has also been reported diapausing in areas with shallow water depth such as fjords, coastal waters and shelf seas. In these environments, the temperature and light conditions are different, and it has been hypothesized that under such conditions C. finmarchicus may remain active throughout winter. Here, we investigated changes in the swimming activity of C. finmarchicus from shallow fjords in the eastern North Atlantic during overwintering in response to ambient photoperiod. We conducted monthly experiments with populations from 2 fjords from different latitudes (sub-Arctic Ramfjord, 69°N and boreal Loch Etive, 56°N), measuring the locomotor activity of individual C. finmarchicus stage CVs exposed to a natural light:dark cycle. At both locations, peaks in activity in response to the light cycle were observed to shift from nocturnal during the early overwintering phase to diurnal during mid and late overwintering phase, with a minimal intensity observed during the mid-overwintering phase. In Ramfjord, activity and rhythmicity were generally lower than in Loch Etive. We conclude that C. finmarchicus remains active throughout its overwintering period when in shallow (<200 m) locations but down-regulates its locomotor activity during the main overwintering phase, which we describe as a winter resting state as distinct from classical diapause.
-
-
-
Sen, Arunima; Andersen, Liselotte W.; Kjeldsen, Kasper U.; Michel, Loïc N.; Hong, Wei-Li & Choquet, Marvin
[Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2023).
The phylogeography and ecology of Oligobrachia frenulate species suggest a generalist chemosynthesis-based fauna in the arctic.
Heliyon.
ISSN 2405-8440.
9(3).
doi:
10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14232.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
Vis sammendrag
We used ancient DNA (aDNA) extraction methods to sequence museum voucher samples of Oligobrachia webbi, a frenulate siboglinid polychaete described from a northern Norwegian fjord over fifty years ago. Our sequencing results indicate a genetic match with the cryptic seep species, Oligobrachia haakonmosbiensis (99% pairwise identity for 574 bp mtCOI fragments). Due to its similarity with O. webbi, the identity of O. haakonmosbiensis has been a matter of debate since its description, which we have now resolved. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that chemosynthesis-based siboglinids, that constitute the bulk of the biomass at Arctic seeps are not seep specialists. Our data on sediment geochemistry and carbon and nitrogen content reveal reduced conditions in fjords/sounds, similar to those at seep systems. Accumulation and decomposition of both terrestrial and marine organic matter results in the buildup of methane and sulfide that apparently can sustain chemosymbiotic fauna. The occurrence of fjords and by extension, highly reducing habitats, could have led to Arctic chemosymbiotic species being relatively generalist with their habitat, as opposed to being seep or vent specialists. Our stable isotope analyses indicate the incorporation of photosynthetically derived carbon in some individuals, which aligns with experiments conducted on frenulates before the discovery of chemosynthesis that demonstrated their ability to take up organic molecules from the surrounding sediment. Since reduced gases in non-seep environments are ultimately sourced from photosynthetic processes, we suggest that the extreme seasonality of the Arctic has resulted in Arctic chemosymbiotic animals seasonally changing their degree of reliance on chemosynthetic partners. Overall, the role of chemosynthesis in Arctic benthos and marine ecosystems and links to photosynthesis may be complex, and more extensive than currently known
-
Hatlebakk, Maja K Viddal; Niehoff, Barbara; Choquet, Marvin ; Hop, Haakon; Wold, Anette & Hoarau, Galice Guillaume
[Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2022).
Seasonal Enzyme Activities of Sympatric Calanus glacialis and C. finmarchicus in the High-Arctic.
Frontiers in Marine Science.
ISSN 2296-7745.
9.
doi:
10.3389/fmars.2022.877904.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
Vis sammendrag
In the Arctic shelf seas, the mesozooplankton biomass is dominated by the arctic copepod Calanus glacialis, but its boreal congeneric C. finmarchicus is expanding northwards. Even though it is already there, C. finmarchicus may not be able to truly establish itself in the Arctic seas and potentially replace C. glacialis. We compared metabolic and digestive enzyme activities of sympatric C. glacialis and C. finmarchicus from Isfjorden, Svalbard and off-shelf north of Svalbard. The seasonal regulation of anabolic and catabolic enzyme activities was generally similar for the two species, but with some interspecific differences corresponding to their ontogeny. Wake-up from overwintering started earlier in adults of C. glacialis than in C. finmarchicus, while the onset of dormancy started early in the overwintering stages of both species. Furthermore, C. glacialis showed an earlier and higher mobilization of lipase enzyme activities, indicating higher efficiency in assimilating dietary lipids compared to C. finmarchicus. Similar population sizes and population structures for C. finmarchicus off-shelf north of Svalbard and in Isfjorden support a similar origin. Still, C. finmarchicus was able to match regulation of enzyme activities to the bloom even though the bloom peaked approximately a month later off-shelf north of Svalbard, indicating that food availability is an important signal for the final step of termination of diapause. Even though the two species largely follow the same patterns of metabolic enzyme activities, the more efficient lipid anabolism of C. glacialis may give it an advantage over C. finmarchicus in high-Arctic unpredictable environments with short-pulsed primary production regimes.
-
Lizano, Apollo Marco Dalonos; Smolina, Irina Vladimirovna; Choquet, Marvin ; Kopp, Martina Elisabeth Luise & Hoarau, Galice Guillaume
(2022).
Insights into the species evolution of Calanus copepods in the northern seas revealed by de novo transcriptome sequencing.
Ecology and Evolution.
ISSN 2045-7758.
12(2).
doi:
10.1002/ece3.8606.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
Vis sammendrag
Copepods of the zooplankton genus Calanus play a key role in marine ecosystems in the northern seas. Although being among the most studied organisms on Earth, due to their ecological importance, genomic resources for Calanus spp. remain scarce, mostly due to their large genome size (from 6 to 12 Gbps). As an alternative to whole-genome sequencing in Calanus spp., we sequenced and de novo assembled transcriptomes of five Calanus species: Calanus glacialis, C. hyperboreus, C. marshallae, C. pacificus, and C. helgolandicus. Functional assignment of protein families based on clusters of orthologous genes (COG) and gene ontology (GO) annotations showed analogous patterns of protein functions across species. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood (ML) of 191 protein-coding genes mined from RNA-seq data fully resolved evolutionary relationships among seven Calanus species investigated (five species sequenced for this study and two species with published datasets), with gene and site concordance factors showing that 109 out of 191 protein-coding genes support a separation between three groups: the C. finmarchicus group (including C. finmarchicus, C. glacialis, and C. marshallae), the C. helgolandicus group (including C. helgolandicus, C. sinicus, and C. pacificus) and the monophyletic C. hyperboreus group. The tree topology obtained in ML analyses was similar to a previously proposed phylogeny based on morphological criteria and cleared certain ambiguities from past studies on evolutionary relationships among Calanus species.
-
Skottene, Elise; Tarrant, Ann M.; Altin, Dag; Olsen, Rolf Erik; Choquet, Marvin & Kvile, Kristina Ø
(2020).
Lipid metabolism in Calanus finmarchicus is sensitive to variations in predation risk and food availability.
Scientific Reports.
ISSN 2045-2322.
10.
doi:
10.1038/s41598-020-79165-6.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
Vis sammendrag
Late developmental stages of the marine copepods in the genus Calanus can spend extended periods in a dormant stage (diapause) that is preceded by the accumulation of large lipid stores. We assessed how lipid metabolism during development from the C4 stage to adult is altered in response to predation risk and varying food availability, to ultimately understand more of the metabolic processes during development in Calanus copepods. We used RNA sequencing to assess if perceived predation risk in combination with varied food availability affects expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and diapause preparation in C. finmarchicus. The lipid metabolism response to predation risk differed depending on food availability, time and life stage. Predation risk caused upregulation of lipid catabolism with high food, and downregulation with low food. Under low food conditions, predation risk disrupted lipid accumulation. The copepods showed no clear signs of diapause preparation, supporting earlier observations of the importance of multiple environmental cues in inducing diapause in C. finmarchicus. This study demonstrates that lipid metabolism is a sensitive endpoint for the interacting environmental effects of predation pressure and food availability. As
diapause may be controlled by lipid accumulation, our findings may contribute towards understanding processes that can ultimately influence diapause timing.
-
Choquet, Marvin; Burckard, Gauthier; Skreslet, Stig; Hoarau, Galice Guillaume & Søreide, Janne E.
(2020).
No evidence for hybridization between Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus glacialis in a subarctic area of sympatry.
Limnology and Oceanography.
ISSN 0024-3590.
doi:
10.1002/lno.11583.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
Vis sammendrag
In the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean, four species of the copepod genus Calanus dominate the zooplankton biomass. Because of their morphological resemblance, knowledge of their respective distribution range has long been biased by misidentification, until the recent use of molecular tools uncovered numerous areas of sympatry. As hybridization between Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus glacialis has been claimed in the East‐Canadian Arctic based on microsatellites, we investigated further the potential for interbreeding in newly uncovered areas of sympatry. Calanus species and stage composition were analyzed during winter in two Norwegian subarctic fjords, using molecular markers developed specifically for species identification and hybrid detection between C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis. Overall, C. glacialis were the most abundant throughout the winter, followed by C. finmarchicus and Calanus hyperboreus with only a few records of Calanus helgolandicus. The presence of C. glacialis, C. hyperboreus, and C. finmarchicus' nauplii was recorded, indicating that these species reproduce locally. In January and February, the simultaneous occurrence of males and females of both C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis suggested a potential for interspecies mating. However, genetic admixture tests performed on all 1126 individuals revealed no signal of hybridization, implying a strong reproductive isolation mechanism. We conclude that no evidence supports a potential for hybridization between C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis.
-
Choo, Le Qin; Bal, Thijs M.P.; Choquet, Marvin ; Smolina, Irina V.; Ramos-Silva, Paula & Marletaz, Ferdinand
[Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2020).
Novel genomic resources for shelled pteropods: a draft genome and target capture probes for Limacina bulimoides, tested for cross-species relevance.
BMC Genomics.
ISSN 1471-2164.
21(11).
doi:
10.1186/s12864-019-6372-z.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
Vis sammendrag
Pteropods are planktonic gastropods that are considered as bio-indicators to monitor impacts of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems. In order to gain insight into their adaptive potential to future environmental changes, it is critical to use adequate molecular tools to delimit species and population boundaries and to assess their genetic connectivity. We developed a set of target capture probes to investigate genetic variation across their large-sized genome using a population genomics approach. Target capture is less limited by DNA amount and quality than other genome-reduced representation protocols, and has the potential for application on closely related species based on probes designed from one species.
-
Skottene, Elise; Tarrant, Ann M.; Olsen, Anders Johny; Altin, Dag; Østensen, Mari-Ann & Hansen, Bjørn Henrik
[Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2019).
The β-oxidation pathway is downregulated during diapause termination in Calanus copepods.
Scientific Reports.
ISSN 2045-2322.
9(1).
doi:
10.1038/s41598-019-53032-5.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
Vis sammendrag
Calanus copepods are keystone species in marine ecosystems, mainly due to their high lipid content, which is a nutritious food source for e.g. juvenile fish. Accumulated lipids are catabolized to meet energy requirements during dormancy (diapause), which occurs during the last copepodite stage (C5). The current knowledge of lipid degradation pathways during diapause termination is limited. We characterized changes in lipid fullness and generated transcriptional profiles in C5s during termination of diapause and progression towards adulthood. Lipid fullness of C5s declined linearly during developmental progression, but more β-oxidation genes were upregulated in early C5s compared to late C5s and adults. We identified four possible master regulators of energy metabolism, which all were generally upregulated in early C5s, compared to late C5s and adults. We discovered that one of two enzymes in the carnitine shuttle is absent from the calanoid copepod lineage. Based on the geographical location of the sampling site, the field-samples were initially presumed to consist of C. finmarchicus. However, the identification of C. glacialis in some samples underlines the need for performing molecular analyses to reliably identify Calanus species. Our findings contributes to a better understanding of molecular events occurring during diapause and diapause termination in calanoid copepods.
-
Skottene, Elise; Tarrant, Ann; Olsen, Anders Johny; Altin, Dag; Hansen, Bjørn Henrik & Choquet, Marvin
[Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2019).
A Crude Awakening: Effects of Crude Oil on Lipid Metabolism
in Calanoid Copepods Terminating Diapause.
The Biological Bulletin.
ISSN 0006-3185.
237(2),
s. 90–110.
doi:
10.1086/705234.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
Vis sammendrag
Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus glacialis are
keystone zooplankton species in North Atlantic and Arctic
marine ecosystems because they form a link in the trophic
transfer of nutritious lipids from phytoplankton to predators
on higher trophic levels. These calanoid copepods spend several
months of the year in deep waters in a dormant state
called diapause, after which they emerge in surface waters
to feed and reproduce during the spring phytoplankton bloom.
Disruption of diapause timing could have dramatic consequences
for marine ecosystems. In the present study, Calanus
C5 copepodites were collected in a Norwegian fjord during
diapause and were subsequently experimentally exposed to
the water-soluble fraction of a naphthenic North Sea crude
oil during diapause termination. The copepods were sampled
repeatedly while progressing toward adulthood and were analyzed
for utilization of lipid stores and for differential expression
of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Our results
indicate that water-soluble fraction exposure led to a temporary
pause in lipid catabolism, suggested by (i) slower utilization
of lipid stores in water-soluble fraction-exposed C5 copepodites
and (ii) more genes in the b-oxidation pathway being
downregulated in water-soluble fraction-exposed C5 copepodites
than in the control C5 copepodites. Because lipid content
and/or composition may be an important trigger for termination
of diapause, our results imply that the timing of
diapause termination and subsequent migration to the surface
may be delayed if copepods are exposed to oil pollution during
diapause or diapause termination. This delay could have
detrimental effects on ecosystem dynamics.
-
-
Choquet, Marvin ; Smolina, Irina Vladimirovna; Dhanasiri, Anusha Krishanthi Shyama; Blanco-Bercial, Leocadio; Kopp, Martina Elisabeth Luise & Jüterbock, Alexander Oliver
[Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2019).
Towards population genomics in non-model species with large genomes: a case study of the marine zooplankton Calanus finmarchicus.
Royal Society Open Science.
ISSN 2054-5703.
6(2).
doi:
10.1098/rsos.180608.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
-
Basedow, Sünnje Linnéa; Mckee, David; Lefering, Ina; Gislason, Astthor; Daase, Malin & Trudnowska, Emilia
[Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2019).
Remote sensing of zooplankton swarms.
Scientific Reports.
ISSN 2045-2322.
9(1).
doi:
10.1038/s41598-018-37129-x.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
Vis sammendrag
Zooplankton provide the key link between primary production and higher levels of the marine food
web and they play an important role in mediating carbon sequestration in the ocean. All commercially
harvested fish species depend on zooplankton populations. However, spatio-temporal distributions
of zooplankton are notoriously difficult to quantify from ships. We know that zooplankton can form
large aggregations that visibly change the color of the sea, but the scale and mechanisms producing
these features are poorly known. Here we show that large surface patches (>1000 km 2 ) of the red
colored copepod Calanus finmarchicus can be identified from satellite observations of ocean color. Such
observations provide the most comprehensive view of the distribution of a zooplankton species to date,
and alter our understanding of the behavior of this key zooplankton species. Moreover, our findings
suggest that high concentrations of astaxanthin-rich zooplankton can degrade the performance
of standard blue-green reflectance ratio algorithms in operational use for retrieving chlorophyll
concentrations from ocean color remote sensing.
-
-
Choquet, Marvin ; Kosobokova, Ksenia; Kwaśniewski, Sławomir; Hatlebakk, Maja Karoline Viddal; Dhanasiri, Anusha Krishanthi Shyama & Melle, Webjørn Raunsgård
[Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2018).
Can morphology reliably distinguish between the copepods Calanus finmarchicus and C. glacialis, or is DNA the only way?
Limnology and Oceanography : Methods.
ISSN 1541-5856.
16(4),
s. 237–252.
doi:
10.1002/lom3.10240.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
Vis sammendrag
Copepods of the genus
Calanus
play a key role in marine food webs as consumers of primary producers and as
prey for many commercially important marine species. Within the genus,
Calanus glacialis
and
Calanus finmarchi-
cus
are considered indicator species for Arctic and Atlantic waters, respectively, and changes in their distributions
are frequently used as a tool to track climate change effects in the marine ecosystems of the northern hemisphere.
Despite the extensive literature available, discrimination between these two species remains challenging. Using
genetically identified individuals, we simultaneously checked the morphological characters in use for
C. glacialis
and
C. finmarchicus
identification to compare the results of molecular and morphological identification. We stud-
ied the prosome length (1); the antennules and the genital somite pigmentation (2); the morphology of the fifth
pair of swimming legs and of the mandible (3). Our results show that none of these morphological criteria can reli-
ably distinguish between
C. glacialis
and
C. finmarchicus
. This has severe implications for our current understand-
ing of plankton ecology as a large part of our knowledge of
Calanus
may be biased due to species misidentification
and may subsequently require reinvestigation with the systematic use of molecular tools.
-
-
Choquet, Marvin Raoul Charles Roger Ren; Hatlebakk, Maja Karoline Viddal; Dhanasiri, Anusha Krishanthi Shyama; Kosobokova, Ksenia N.; Smolina, Irina Vladimirovna & Søreide, Janne
[Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2017).
Genetics redraws pelagic biogeography of Calanus.
Biology Letters.
ISSN 1744-9561.
13(12).
doi:
10.1098/rsbl.2017.0588.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
Vis sammendrag
Planktonic copepods of the genus Calanus play a central role in North
Atlantic/Arctic marine food webs. Here, using molecular markers,
we redrew the distributional ranges of Calanus species inhabiting the
North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans and revealed much wider and more
broadly overlapping distributions than previously described. The Arctic
shelf species, C. glacialis, dominated the zooplankton assemblage of many
Norwegian fjords, where only C. finmarchicus has been reported previously.
In these fjords, high occurrences of the Arctic species C. hyperboreus were
also found. Molecular markers revealed that the most common method of
species identification, prosome length, cannot reliably discriminate the
species in Norwegian fjords. Differences in degree of genetic differentiation
among fjord populations of the two species suggested that C. glacialis is a
more permanent resident of the fjords than C. finmarchicus. We found no
evidence of hybridization between the species. Our results indicate a critical
need for the wider use of molecular markers to reliably identify and discriminate
these morphologically similar copepod species, which serve as
important indicators of climate responses.
Se alle arbeider i Cristin
-
Choquet, Marvin & Hestvik, Ingebjørg
(2024).
De er mat for fisken i havet: Raudåte kan ha vært feilidentifisert i flere tiår.
[Internett].
Forskning.no.
-
-
-
-
-
Choquet, Marvin ; Smolina, Irina Vladimirovna & Hoarau, Galice Guillaume
(2021).
No evidence for hybridization in Calanus: Reply to the comment by Parent et al.
Limnology and Oceanography.
ISSN 0024-3590.
66(10),
s. 3603–3606.
doi:
10.1002/lno.11931.
-
Hansen, Bjørn Henrik; Altin, Dag; Choquet, Marvin ; Grøsvik, Bjørn Einar; Sørensen, Lisbet & Nepstad, Raymond
(2021).
Zooplankton-based monitoring of offshore produced water discharges.
-
-
Skottene, Elise; Tarrant, Ann M.; Olsen, Anders Johny; Altin, Dag; Hansen, Bjørn Henrik & Choquet, Marvin
[Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2020).
Oil exposure disrupts lipid metabolism during diapause in
calanoid copepods.
-
Smolina, Irina; Choquet, Marvin; Kopp, Martina; Bucklin, Ann & Hoarau, Galice
(2015).
Genome-wide gene,c varia,on in popula,ons of Calanus finmarchicus and C. glacialis across their distribu,onal ranges.
-
Hansen, Bjørn Henrik; Altin, Dag; Choquet, Marvin ; Sørensen, Lisbet; Egeness, Mari Jystad & Rønsberg, Marianne Unaas
[Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen]
(2022).
Body burdens of PAHs and alkylated phenols in copepods in the Ekofisk region - Water column monitoring 2021.
SINTEF Ocean AS.
ISSN 978-82-7174-447-2.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
Vis sammendrag
This report summarizes the findings from the Water Column Monitoring in April 2021 where zooplankton (Calanus finmarchicus) were collected and sampled around the Ekofisk region in the North Sea. Extraction and analyses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and alkylated phenols in copepod were determined to provide data for comparison to DREAM-MER simulations.
-
Choquet, Marvin
(2017).
Combining ecological and molecular approaches to redefine the baseline knowledge of the genus Calanus in the North Atlantic and the Arctic Oceans.
Nord University.
Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
Se alle arbeider i Cristin
Publisert
28. feb. 2023 12:39
- Sist endret
14. mars 2023 14:38
